A Perspective of Poverty and HIV on Sub-Saharan Africa

A perspective of poverty and HIV on Sub-Saharan Africa The majority of people currently living with HIV are in Sub-Saharan Africa where this infectious immune disease has had a devastating impact mentally, physically, economically and socially since this pandemic began. Sub-Saharan Africa is about 15% of the worlds population, and it has approximately seventy percent of the people living with HIV. In 2011 there were 23,500,000 people living with HIV, and 1,200,000 annual AIDS deaths. The new HIV infections are 1,800,000 annually. (1) This disease is world wide and not just isolated to Sub-Saharan Africa, however, with the data from researchers it does have the highest prevalence of the disease. There is world wide efforts in combating the spread, and research that is ongoing to try to irradiate this terrible disease. This disease may cause the extinction of mankind if we as a society are unable to control and find a cure. There are so many factors that play a role in the process of this disease, but the issues of poverty within the HIV population needs to be addressed. The geographical countries of the Sub-Saharan Africa where the disease is extreme are: Angola Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Democratic Republic), Cà ´te dIvoire, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar,Show MoreRelatedHiv / Aids And Aids1597 Words   |  7 Pagessurprise HIV/AIDS is still one the most deadly disease that is still threatening a large population of human life, and there is no complete cure yet at the moment. Based on the most recent WHO (World Health Organization) data, approximately 35 million people are living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2013, and remarkably more than 23 million people in sub Saharan Africa experience the most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics. Despite the fact there are still a large population of people living with HIV/AIDS inRead MoreHiv And Aids : Hiv / Aids Essay924 Words   |  4 Pages2.1 HIV/AIDS HIV is a latent virus that attacks and compromises the immune system and exposes the body to diseases and infections. AIDS is a disease of the immune system caused by a retrovirus known as HIV that makes the individual highly vulnerable to life threatening infections and diseases such as TB (FANTA, 2004). 2.1.1 TRANSMISSION OF HIV According to FANTA, there are three primary routes of HIV transmission; 1) Unprotected sex with a person carrying the HIV virus. 2) Transfusion of contaminatedRead MoreDeveloping Sub Saharan Africa Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesSome of the world’s poorest countries, with some of the highest child labor and illiteracy rates lie in Sub Saharan Africa. People generally associate the region only with poor economic conditions and all of the social disorder that goes along with 3rd World Status. While some of this reputation is deserved, many people are also failing to see the vast potential for this part of the world. There are several factors that African governments should look into if they want to effectively and efficientlyRead MoreThe End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities of Our Time665 Words   |  3 PagesPoverty was originally inevitable as a result of world affairs, such as slavery, wars and battles for independence. After world affairs has settled, majority of countries recovered from their despair and hardship. Today, the worldwide rate of poverty has dropped dramatically except in sub-Sahara n Africa. Jeffery D. Sachs has spent 25 years working in indigent countries of Africa in effort to understand the cause of their endeavors with extreme poverty. Sachs, then, provided an analysis of why extremeRead MoreHow Hiv / Aids Impacted A Nation1559 Words   |  7 Pagesburdened with health costs, and the overall demographic and future of Africa is changing as the youth are either contracting the virus or not able to attend school, hampering their employment options in the future. A nation specific micro level example of how HIV/AIDS impacts a nation was a study that was conducted in South Africa that determined the factual negative impact on their economy. They found these conclusions due to the HIV/AIDS disease: a lower labour force, lower productivity, a cost pressureRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : The African Albino Epidemic1221 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: The African Albino Epidemic For many years the targeting and murdering of people with Albinism has been occurring in sub-Saharan Africa for spiritual powers, good fortune, and monetary gain. As the world becomes more modern and civilized one would think that this would be coming to an end, instead it has increased over the years. Many solely blame witch doctors, however even with laws preventing this and witch doctors being arrested; the hunting of people with Albinism hasRead MoreThe s Perspective On Hiv Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesEpidemiologist Perspective on HIV Epidemiologist: This role involves learning about the pattern and incidence of how the disease is transmitted and works to help find community prevention solutions. The portals of entry for HIV: skin via Injection or trauma, mucous membranes of mouth, penis, vagina and rectum during sexual activity, placenta to child during pregnancy. Portals of exit: blood, semen, pre-ejaculate, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Reservoirs: human blood, semen and vaginal secretionsRead MoreSub Saharan Afric Developing The World With Its Most Formidable Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTIONBackground Sub-Saharan Africa continues to present the world with its most formidable developmentchallenge. During the last two decades the number of the poor in Africa has doubled from150 million to 300 million, more than 40 percent of the region’s population. About one thirdof the region’s population lives in countries affected by or emerging from conflict. Moreover,HIV/AIDS continues to t hreaten African lives and livelihoods. Africa is the only region thatremains behind on most ofRead MoreSustainable Development: Food, Natural Resources, and Gender2239 Words   |  9 Pagesinterdependent components of human progress (commission, 2013). In this report I shall illustrate three challenges to sustainability on a global, local and regional level. For the global challenge I shall discuss global health, I will use the Sub-Saharan African countries as an example of how agricultural practices’ there are currently not sustainable and finally, the challenge of making Ireland an economically sustainable country will be highlighted. I hope to show how important Sustainable DevelopmentRead MoreRwanda, Uganda, And Burundi2325 Words   |  10 PagesRwanda is located in east-central Africa surrounded by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, and Burundi. In fact Rwanda is slightly smaller than the state of Maryland and has a total population of 12,661,733 people. The land is 74.5 percent farmable and the median age throughout the country is 18.8. The average lifespan of a citizen in Rwanda is about 59 years. Also in the past year, there were about 33.75 births per 1,000 people and the average death rate wa s 8.96 deaths per

A Comparison of Jack London and Stephen Crane. - 1481 Words

A Comparison of Jack London and Stephen Crane. Jack London and Stephen Crane were both well-known literary naturalists who died at relatively early ages. Despite having lived such a short life, Jack London lived a full life. He has achieved wide popularity abroad, with his work being translated into more than fifty languages, as well as having written fifty literary works in eighteen years. His stories in the naturalistic mode still continue to influence writers today. Stephen Crane was also an accomplished writer as well as a poet. He was among the first to express in writing a new way of looking at the world. Although Crane is also seen as one of the first American naturalistic writers, a Symbolist, and Imagist, the achievements which†¦show more content†¦Imagery is another important element which London uses to illustrate and emphasize his theme. In â€Å"To Build a Fire† Earl Labor sees the â€Å"mood and atmosphere, which is conveyed through repetitive imagery of cold and gloom and whiteness,† as bein g â€Å"the key to the story’s impact† (63). London does rely heavily on imagery to set the mood of the story, and in this way he draws a picture of the harsh environment that his character must endure. London uses imagery with such skill that the reader can almost feel the deadly cold of the environment and can almost hear the â€Å"sharp, explosive crackle† when the man’s spit would freeze in mid-air (119). Through the use of such vivid imagery, London guides the reader toward the realization of the story’s theme; the reader can visualize the man â€Å"losing in his battle with the frost† and therefor can picture man in his conflict with a cruel and uncaring universe (128). Symbolism is also an important element in â€Å"To Build a Fire†. David Mike Hamilton’s criticism, he says â€Å"the fire symbolizes life as does the white snow that falls at the beginning of the story.† He also views â€Å"the dark point in the midst of the stamped snow, foretelling the end of the fire, and thus of life† (2). I strongly agree with Hamilton’s criticism; â€Å"the dark point in the midst of the stamped snow† because it not only foretells the end of the fire but of the end of life itself. Stephen Crane uses numerous techniques to capture his reader’sShow MoreRelated Visions of The Primitive in Langston Hughes’s The Big Sea Essay examples6201 Words   |  25 Pagesas an alien territory, forbidden, dangerous yet compelling in its intensity. It is ironic that this very conception of Harlem was one of the key reasons why it was overrun and exploited by sensation-seeking white outsiders. Hughes makes implicit comparisons between the colonial despoliation of African natural resources and the whites’ frivolous engagement with Harlem’s â€Å"exotic† cabaret nightlife in the 1920s. Hughes’s gesture of throwing his own personal collection of books overboard at the startRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesOlive Schreiner (1883) The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain (1884) Pharaoh, by BolesÅ‚aw Prus (1895) What Maisie Knew, by Henry James (1897)[23] 20th century[edit] The Confusions of Young Tà ¶rless, by Robert Musil (1906) Martin Eden, by Jack London (1909)[24] The Book of Khalid, by Ameen Rihani (1911)[25] Le Grand Meaulnes, by Alain-Fournier (1913) Sons and Lovers, by D. H. Lawrence (1913)[26] Of Human Bondage, by W. Somerset Maugham (1915) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by JamesRead MoreSelected Topics24764 Words   |  100 Pagesno attack on the currency, either the exchange rate would depreciate, or interest rate would be raised toward off the attack, or the central bank would sell foreign currency to support the exchange rate. In this study, X and Y are selected for comparison since X experienced the same problems and intense attacks on their currencies, while the Y currency (RMB) had not effected by the Asian crisis 1997. For that reason, both countries’ Market Pressure Index and Dummy market pressure index are usedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and CultureRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesDEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Acquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project Manager: ClaudiaRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 Pagestransmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordanceRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesprogram has a project manager. The major differences lie in scale and time span. Program management is the process of managing a group of ongoing, interdependent, related projects in a coordinated way to achieve strategic object ives. For TABLE 1.1 Comparison of Routine Work with Projects Routine, Repetitive Work Taking class notes Daily entering sales receipts into the accounting ledger Responding to a supply-chain request Practicing scales on the piano Routine manufacture of an Apple iPod ProjectsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages........................................................................... 251 False Dilemma Fallacy....................................................................................................................... 253 Fallacy of Faulty Comparison .......................................................................................................... 256 Fallacious Appeal to Authority .....................................................................................................Read MoreManagement Control Systems Pdf115000 Words   |  460 PagesReward Systems: Purpose of Reward Systems:– Components of Incentive Compensation Plans – CEO Compensation – Incentives for Business Unit Managers: Size of Bonus Relative to Salary, Cutoff Levels, Bonus Basis, Performance Criteria, Benchmarks for Comparison – Balanced Scorecard – Design Considerations: Rewards Integrated with MSSM (Mutually Supportive Systems Model), Attainability, Formal Rewards, Informal Rewards – Agency Theory: Concepts of Agency Theory rI B S U se O nl y C Read MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesmarket The late starter The lonely international The international among others Source: J. Johansson L. G. Mattsson, 1988, ‘Internationalisation in industry systems – a network approach’, in N. Hood (ed.), Strategies for Global Competition, London: Croom Helm: 298. 466 8/29/07 11:58:22 AM 467 With a presence in over 50 countries, and China being a nation with a low (but growing) degree of internationalisation, Delta Faucet is considered a ‘lonely international’ in the China

Tesol †Observation Journal 1 Free Essays

Observation Journal 1 Date: 13/09/2012 Duration: 1 hour Location: International House London Level: Upper Intermediate Teaching Aim: Past Subjunctive (structure lesson) Use of â€Å"I wish† for regrets and criticism Lesson Pace During the first half of the lesson the teacher moved at a particularly fast pace. Whilst understandably a swift pace is required in order to fit the breath of information into the lesson I feel this was to the detriment of student learning in some instances. For example when asking questions of students it was common for the teacher to answer before providing sufficient time for students to answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesol – Observation Journal 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now This had the consequence of stopping all but the quickest students a chance to be involved with the lesson. Again this was also seen when individual students were picked out by name to repeat a phrase paying specific attention to their intonation; on numerous occasions at the start of the lesson upon speaking the requested phrase the teacher was very quick to repeat the same phrase using the correct intonation. This style of teaching limits student talking time which is a key aspect when trying to engage the active memory of the students in order to promote retention of the material being taught. A better structure would have been to elicit the correct repetition of the request phrase from another student and then returning to the initially asked student to repeat the phrase once more. Using this suggested structure would promote student talking time and allow all students more time to hear the correct intonation of the phrase. The benefits of the fast pace were that all students stayed engaged for the duration of the lesson however I believe a lesson can move at a swift pace whilst still allowing sufficient time for students to repeat phrases and answer questions. I have learnt that a quick pace is generally beneficial when all students are able to keep up however my opinion is that allowing students the time to answer questions and not always giving the correct answer to quickly is paramount to student learning. By permitting this additional time to elicit answers from students you will more readily be able to establish whether or not the class is in fact following the lesson as expected and therefore be able to continue or adjust the pace accordingly. Teachers Manner Overall I felt the teacher was engaging and authoritative whilst also being able to display humorous traits which worked well to keep the class involved for the duration of the lesson. For the majority of correct answers the teacher would affirm the answer given by saying â€Å"good†. This was a positive aspect of the teacher’s manner as she used this phrase repeatedly as opposed to varying this affirmation with phrases such as â€Å"excellent† or â€Å"very good† which may have led to a degree of favouritism within the class. On one occasion however the teacher, in accompaniment to the introduction of a new concept, asks a particular student â€Å"is it clear? . In a typical classroom setting I find it unlikely that any student would want to profess to a lack of understanding and thus the lesson moves on without really knowing whether or not the concept was correctly understood. In this situation a more appropriate tactic would have been to request the s tudent provide an alternate example of the concept being taught. This would allow any lack of understanding to be identified whilst also presenting an opportunity for the teacher to involve the rest of the class when eliciting a correct response. Oftentimes the teacher would call students by name and with the exception of one instance where the teacher got the students name wrong this worked well to firstly engage the class throughout the lesson and secondly concept check important lesson points. The teacher also made an effort to select students at random when eliciting answers; something which I believe is key to keeping students focused, as it is all too easy for students to switch off if they know they are fifth or sixth in line to answer a question. A couple of times the teacher admitted to making mistakes on the hand-outs, which is an aspect of the lesson that could easily have been corrected by proofreading all materials beforehand. This didn’t appear to be a problem for the class as they looked comfortable with the teacher whom they have likely worked with before. Although for students with which the teacher had not worked with before this could have been a problem because students wouldn’t necessarily have the same confidence levels in a teacher they are unfamiliar with. Classroom Management Students were arranged in a semi-circle formation facing the teacher. My belief was that this particular arrangement benefited the students, as it allowed all students to face each other and thus lower any barriers to peer-group interaction which may have existed with some students sitting behind others. This structure also helped when students were asked to talk in pairs and allowed the teacher to easily monitor each conversation without being disruptive. For my own lessons I aim to use this same layout where possible as it would appear to be the best way to involve all students to interact within the lesson. Towards the end of the lesson the students were instructed to form new pairs for the free stage. This worked by splitting the class into â€Å"husband† and â€Å"wife† pairings which also had the added impact of adding some fun to the exercise. This use of stereotypes for the â€Å"husband† and â€Å"wife† was an effective way to set context for the exercise. The benefit of which was that the students were quickly able to get into the role playing game, which would likely not have been so enjoyable for the students if the class had not been segmented in such a way. Teaching Point Ultimately the teacher achieved her aim and had the students using â€Å"I wish† in the correct manner for the most part. The free stage was the most successful contributor towards the students achieving the aim and the teacher did well to leave the correction of the free stage to after it had finished. The free stage was corrected at the end via a board review and the students appeared to have a strong grasp on the past subjunctive. Whilst adjacent to the stated teaching aim of the lesson it was also identifiable that the teacher was incorporating aspects of past lessons into her teaching. In particular requesting that students state the tense of a sentence proved effective in eliciting what would be passive memory from previous lessons. This naturally also underlined the primary aim of the lesson and at one point the teacher highlighted the point, after eliciting the correct tenses form the students, by stating that â€Å"the only difference is in the subjunctive of to be†. I felt this gave clarity to the students as they progressed through the lesson with a core concise definition of what they were learning as referenced by this example. Focus was sustained throughout the lesson on a couple of occasions and this allowed the teacher to continue with the lesson whilst wasting little time discussing points that were outside the scope of the initial objectives. An example was when the teacher asked the students to identify the difference in tense between two sentences where one student identified the difference in meaning rather than tense. On this occasion it could have been easy for the teacher to become side tracked whilst discussing the meaning of the sentences however she simply dismissed the answer in a polite fashion and brought focus back to the topic at hand. With respect to the teaching aim of this lesson my main takeaway was the importance of sustaining focus on the stated objectives. When teaching myself I imagine students will be eager to explore different aspects of the English language, which if indulged could lead to the primary focus not being reached within the time frame. [1,332 words] How to cite Tesol – Observation Journal 1, Essays

Civilization Savagery, Power, Fear Essay Example For Students

Civilization: Savagery, Power, Fear Essay Civilization is when man meets his basic needs. Civilization begins to form when man is searching for something more; something better than just meeting his basic needs, for he has already achieved this. Civilization forms slowly and carefully, and once it is formed, it can change and be destroyed at any moment. Civilization is as fragile as an eggshell, and it has three basic forces that can destroy it: savagery, power, and fear. Savagery is when a people revert back to their lost human instincts. Savagery is most often found in situations where the people are under extreme circumstances. One example of this is being stranded on a deserted tropical island. In William Goldings book, Lord of the Flies, he has done just that. Golding had his characters revert back to their lost human instincts. When the boys on the island finally catch a pig and get meat, the one hunter, and main character, Jack, cannot bear to let someone else tell his savage story. He begins, We spread round. I crept, on hands and knees. The spears fell out because they hadnt barbs on. The pig ran away and made an awful noise-It turned back and ran into the circle, bleeding-We closed in-I cut the pigs throat- p. 74-75. Jack has reverted back to savage, uncivilized ways; his civilization has been shattered because of being stranded. Jack even gets the rest of the boys to join in, As they danced, they sang. `Kill the pig. Cut her throat. Bash her in. Savagery can destroy civilization. It only takes a small number, even a single person, to revert back, and everyone will soon follow. Another example of people being savage is in the book, The Pearl, by John Steinbeck. In this book, when a family finds an unbelievably large pearl and tries to better their own lives with it, their friends and neighbors become their enemies, they even begin to fight in their own family. Greed has caused the family and the townsfolk to revert back to being savages. One example of this is when Juana, the wife, tries to rid them of the pearl because she knows of its bad nature. Kino, her husband, catches her, Her arm was up to throw when he leaped at her arm and wrenched the pearl from her. He struck her in the face with his clenched fist and she fell among the boulders, and he kicked her in the side p. 55. Kino has struck his wife, his love, he has become savage, and yet he does not realize it. Later on in the book, once the family has run away from the town, they are hiding in a cave when the baby starts to cry letting the three hunters below know they are there. Kino was in mid-leap when the gun crashed and the barrel-flash made a picture on his eyes. The great knife swung and crunched hollowly. It bit through neck and deep into chestÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦He whirled and struck the head of the seated man like a melonÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Kino had become as cold as deadly as steelÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦he threw the lever of the rifle, and then he raised the gun and aimedÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦he could see the frantic frightened eyes, and Kino aimed and fired between the eyes p. 79. Kino has become so savage about this pearl, as to kill three men. The town he used to live in, the life he used to live, his civilization, has all been destroyed due to this savage act. Kinos civilization has crumbled like the eggshell it is. .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 , .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .postImageUrl , .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 , .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387:hover , .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387:visited , .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387:active { border:0!important; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387:active , .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387 .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua3f5fccca0019cb772fec440658a2387:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Peer Pressure EssayAnother layer of the eggshell is power, someone must have the most, someone must have the least. In the case of civilization, someone must be dominant, and someone must be oppressed. In Lord of the Flies, Jack was the dominant figure. He oppressed Ralph. When Ralph attempted to instill some sort of order, Jack just refused, `Jack! Jack! You havent got the conch! Let him speak. Jacks face swam near him. `And you shut up! Who are you, anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You cant hunt, you cant sing- `Im chief. I was chosen. `Why should choosing make any difference? Just giving orders that dont make any sense- `Piggys got the conch. `Thats right-favor Piggy as you always do- p. 91. In this fight, starting with Ralph, it is obvious that Jack holds the dominant power over Ralph. Civilization is comprised of who holds the dominated power. In Ralphs case, his civilization in falling apart since he is losing, and does lose, his power. Lost power, or actually, power that was never really there, is present in The Pearl. In the beginning, Kino goes to the town doctor in search of help for his baby son. His son has just been stung by a scorpion. When Kino visits the doctor, who was not of his people. This doctor was of a race which for nearly four hundred years had beaten and starved and robbed and despised Kinos race p. 11, he feels the sting of the doctors power when he is rejected due to his lack of money. The doctor feels, I am a doctor, not a veterinary, but he does not know just how he has used his power to oppress this man, And now a wave of shame went over the whole processionÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦and the neighbors departed so that the public shaming of Kino would not be in their eyes p. 12 13. The extent of the oppression and domination of these two can be seen so obviously. Civilization has played a mean trick on Kino, by serving him as the oppressed, and the doctor as the dominant. Civilization is once again crumbling. The last force that causes civilization to crumble is fear. Fear can be used in so many times, in so many ways. When William Golding used fear, he chose to pick on the obvious person, the one most hated by the power holder. Ralph must fear for his life in the end, as Jack and his team play a deadly game of cat and mouse. A face. The savage peered into the obscurity beneath the thicketÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦In the middle was a blob of dark and the savage wrinkled up his faceÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦The seconds lengthenedÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦Dont scream. Youll get back. Hes making sure. A stick sharpened. Ralph screamed, a scream of fright and anger and desperation. His legs straightened, the screams became continuous and foaming. H shot forward, burst the thicket, was in the open, screaming, snarling, bloody. He swung the stake and the savage tumbled over; but there were others coming toward him, crying out p. 199. Jack is hunting Ralph. Jack is using his control to cause unbearable fear in Ralph. Ralphs civilization is gone; his eggshell has been crushed. To crush the eggshell in The Pearl, it is not quite as savage. Kinos great fear is the loss of his pearl, his prized possession, and he will do anything to keep it. But, to keep his fear real, the townspeople have to send people to steal the pearl, because without it there would be no fear for Kino. Juana says, Will they follow us? Do you think they will try to find us? and in response, Kino shows his fear by repeating the last idea. .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 , .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .postImageUrl , .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 , .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86:hover , .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86:visited , .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86:active { border:0!important; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86:active , .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86 .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u268494fb4ba686a2c55ac35c2ae26b86:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Consumerism EssayThey will try. Whoever finds us will take the pearl. Oh, they will try p. 65. Kinos fear is very real, and he knows it, in fact, Juana knows it too. By controlling and keeping this family under fear, everyone else has the upper hand. This family even leaves their civilization, the land they know, all for this pearl, and it is all because of fear. Fear, power, and savagery all cause the downfall of civilization. They work for the breakage of this fragile eggshell. These basic forces are the framework of these two books.

Business Ethics Applying Virtue Theory

Reaction Paper on Global Warming Essay Example

Reaction Paper on Global Warming Essay Example Reaction Paper on Global Warming Paper Reaction Paper on Global Warming Paper It makes one wonder though how many of these canvass-toting individuals know how many years does Our planet has left before it reaches an environmental tipping point or in what year was the hottest earth temperature recorded. Admit that I am one of those individuals who proclaimed and believed that I am a friend of the earth. After all, I try to conserve water as much as can and segregate garbage whenever I have the chance. But like many individuals out there, I was ignorant about the real issue concerning our environment, that is until have seen the documentary An Inconvenient Truth. Directed by Davis Guggenheim and featuring former United States vice president AY Gore, the documentary zeros in on the subject of global warming and how it is affecting and will affect the planet Earth. The Effectiveness of AY Gore Technical and cinematic achievements aside, I believe the best contribution of this film is that it has made the issue of global warming accessible to ordinary individuals. Gore plays the role of environmental spokesperson well. He provides a believable and authoritative personality to the documentary and to the issues it is trying to expose. Much of the popularity that the film has enjoyed it owes to Gores ability to act as an expert and a fellow observer at the same time. When this film was released, not a few have surmised that it is nothing but a gimmick to catapult AY Gore back into the White House. After watching the film though, many of Gores detractors have been transformed into followers. The fact that there is now a different person in the Palace is a vindication for Gore and a proof of his sincerity and lack of political agenda. The strongest point of Gore lies in his ability to convey urgency while at the same time maintaining a hopeful attitude and optimistic outlook which is not an easy feat to achieve when you are talking about the current State Of the environment. The Message of the Film The message of this film is very clear: that global warming is real and we must do something about it or we will suffer the scones ounces. According to Gore, the planet has about ten more years before it reaches a tipping point at which instance there would be little that we can do already. The best part about Gores message is that they are presented not without scientific evidence and proofs. The following scientific phenomena and materials are seed to support the films main thesis: ; before and after photographs of melting ice glaciers; ; temperature records from the sass that show that the ten hottest years have occurred in the last three decades; ; the Keeling curve which measures the rising level of CO; a study that shows that carbon dioxide concentrations are higher now than at any point in history. The presentation of these pieces of evidence are essential to lending veracity to the films core message. Without them, AY Gore would simply appear as a preacher pointing to some distant doomsday. Visually Engaging One of the first things that you will realize while watching An Inconvenient Truth is how engaging and enjoyable the experience is and this is largely because of the visuals that were used in the film. From the opening scene, when we were shown the now famous photograph of the earth taken by the first Americans who went to space , the audience were being foretold that the film is going to be one visual treat. Throughout the film, beautiful and terrible images were precisely interwoven to help achieve the films goal of sending out the dual message of making people realize how beautiful our planet is ND making us see the extent Of the destruction that has already been done. Not a few individuals were turned off when they learned that this film is a documentary. But if only these individuals gave the film a chance then they would have been amazed at the fact that it is one such visual achievement. Documentaries especially those that deal with subjects relating to the environment have a reputation of being boring and uninteresting. The An Inconvenient Truth may just change peoples impression about environmental films and even documentaries as a whole with its engaging style and arresting elements. Conclusion An Inconvenient Truth is a film that should be seen by anyone who cares for the environment and for the future of humanity and our planet.

Girls Issues in UK Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Girls Issues in UK Schools - Essay Example The essay "Girls’ Issues in UK Schools" talks about the problem of marginalization within the scenario of education which forces the girl students to feel alienated within a school environment. One can see that this problem hinders girls from entering the workforce in future and to have upward mobility in the social ladder. One can see that social class is an important factor which determines a student’s acceptability within a class room environment. Read states that, ‘However such desired characteristics are also those considered to characterize the ‘popular girl’ at school- a position of power and influence amongst girls’ peers’. If a girl student happens to be from the lower layers of the society, there is a high chance for the problems related to her social class. While peer group discourses constructed girls as harder working, more mature and more socially skilled, still the boys and a significant number of the girls adhered to the view that it is better being a boy. Girl students may try to hide their social status but this may lead them towards stress and related emotional problems in general. Similarly, cultural background determines a girl student’s socialization and acceptance within her public domain. From a different angle of view, boy students can resist the influence of their cultural and social backgrounds because they have enough freedom. The relative ‘high achievement’ of girls has often been perceived as unproblematic and thus neglected, or achieved at the expense of boys.

Practicum nursing service administration 3 Essay

Practicum nursing service administration 3 - Essay Example The standards includes maintenance of ethical standards, enhancing education, evidence based practice and research, enhancing environmental health, communication, leadership, collaboration, resource utilization, professional practice evaluation and enhancing quality performance. The paper outlines a reflection of the above stipulated standards. The code of ethics for nurses acts as a guide ensuring that nurses carries out their responsibilities in a manner that is consistent with the quality and ethical obligations of the profession. These obligations are stipulated in American Nursing Association. The standards of professional performance by ANA describes the behavioral competency in the role of the profession in activities that commensurate with quality while providing care; education; and appraisal of performance among many others. It promotes nursing profession by advocating for high level or standard practices ensuring that the rights of nurses are catered for at the work place. Nurses have an obligation to integrate ethical conducts in the different facets of their practices. Nurses in the profession have a mandate to not only to establish and maintain professional therapeutic, patients and nurse relationship but also discharge health care in such a way that the patient’s dignity, autonomy and rights are uphel d. They are also required to make ethical decisions while at work; report cases that are incompetent and illegal; and maintain and ensure patients on confidentiality within the boundaries of regulations and legal requirements. It is a nurse’s responsibility of being accountable for their nursing practices and evaluating ideal and correct task delegation mechanisms. These tasks ought to be consistent with their duties to provide appropriate care for the patients as per the required standards. The ethical code of conduct also stipulates that each nurse has an obligation of upholding the safety and integrity of their patient. Moreover,

Contemporary Organisational Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Contemporary Organisational Design - Essay Example 2007). Overall, previous studies on organizational design serve as an important first step in understanding how organizational designs are used to manage internal control systems in multiple markets. For example, Rodriguez (2006) focuses on organizational culture change from a longitudinal perspective. In the study, the researcher examines how an organization (Brazilian Telecommunication Company) changed from a condition of integration to one of fragmentation and differentiation. Chakrabarti & Varman (2004), in their study of "Contradiction of Democracy in a workers Cooperative" postulate that, organizational democracy has become a key issue in current change management set-ups such as in situations of restructuring, total quality management and enterprise resource planning. According to the researchers, democracy faces significant odds even in those companies that have been expressly initiated for democratic functioning. To the researchers, organizational democracy is an evolving reality. Walton, (2005) draw inspirations from Weber's writing on bureaucracy. The researcher in his study uses meta-analytical techniques to estimates the general relationships amongst key aspects of bureaucratic control removing the effects of statiscal artefacts. The current focus on organizational design is on change within the context of an... To the researchers, organizational democracy is an evolving reality. Walton, (2005) draw inspirations from Weber's writing on bureaucracy. The researcher in his study uses meta-analytical techniques to estimates the general relationships amongst key aspects of bureaucratic control removing the effects of statiscal artefacts. The current focus on organizational design is on change within the context of an organization, and change within accounting as a subject. This paper attempt a critical analysis on three peer review selected articles published within the last five years in Science direct within the context of organisational design and change. We believe, after our critical review of these articles, there will be ample opportunity for future research to examine how firms use other aspects of organizational design and internal controls such as standardization, internal reporting. The articles we are focusing on in this review are:- 1. Rodrigues, B.S., (2006). The Political Dynamics of Organizational Culture in an Institutionalized Environment. Organization Studies 2006; 27; 537 originally published online Jan 9, 2006; DOI: 10.1177/0170840605059454 2. Chakrabarti, M. & Varman, R., (2004). Contradictions of Democracy in a Workers' Cooperative Organization Studies 2004; 25; 183 DOI: 10.1177/0170840604036913 3. Walton, J.E., (2005). The Persistence of Bureaucracy: A Meta-analysis of Weber's Model of Bureaucratic Control. DOI: 10.1177/0170840605051481 My review will be based on the following structure. Firstly, I will review the various articles in their general parts and point out the strong and weak sides of each. There after, I will look on

Millennial Generation

Millennial Generation Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview The current world that we live now is being strongly influenced by the high technology waves. This kind of waves are altering our operations in business sectors like finance, economic, accounting and as well as insurance. Internet and its connectivity are increasingly important as the role of connecting people all over the world in the most cheapest and efficiency way. It is now become a necessary in all the peoples lives. According to the research, there are around 9.3 million people in Malaysia age 15 and above using internet at home or work locations, each of them consuming average of 1,066 pages of content and spending 14 hours online in June, 2009 (Comscore,2009). Internet is a new distribution channel for businesses to market and promote their products and services in order to increase their revenues, profitability and customers loyalty. For successfully enter and adapt in the new evolution of technology and electronic, businesses had change their operation structures into tec hnology-intensive based. Some businesses from shops to financial institutions even changed most of their products and services into E-based products or services. Generation Y also can be known as â€Å"Millennial Generation†. From its name, it obviously stated that this generation closely related to high technology and digital electronics. This generation mostly owned computer and have higher education. They frequently used high-technology products and services and they willing to be the innovator for using new E-product. Generation Y is an influential factor towards the future development in E-based services and products. Therefore, most businesses will focus their customer target on generation Y in the coming years. We are now entering into new phase of technology and electronics. With trimness of electronics technology many electronic tools and gadgets have become increasingly personal and portable. It makes people can surf net whenever and wherever they are. The conveniences of communication and networking have stimulated the growth of E-commerce. E-commerce can be translated as any form of businesses that using information technology for transaction. In order to stay ahead in millennium age, most of the companies used E-commerce regardless of business to business (B2B) or business to customer (B2C) or even customer to customer (C2C) (Ahonen, 2004). Services sector like banking also promote internet banking or online banking to facilitate their efficiency in the banking transaction. Online banking can reduce some unnecessarily procedures and provides convenience to customers. Yet insurance industry has been lagging behind others services industries in adapting new technology era. In addition, there are many researches done for investigating the factors that affect adoption of internet among different sectors in Malaysia (Stevens, 2002; Soliman, 2003; Wirtz, 2001; Coltman, 2001), but empirical data for e-insurance was limited due to insurance industry has been slow respond to e-commerce compared to other financial services (Esters, 1997). Insurance institutions have the direct competition with banking and financial institutions. It is the great time for insurance companies to utilize the convenience of communications and networking in establishing direct interface with customers. E-insurance is broadly defined as distribution of insurance services through information technology. The direct channel can eliminates the intermediaries, provides more efficiency, lower cost and more value added to the customers. Other than online purchases, E-insurance can offer varied types of services like online payments, register claims, review claims and renew insurance policy. Besides that, e-insurance also can reduce the level of management hierarchy and internal administration cost by automating all the business processes. There are some limitations of the regulatory for fully applied the e-commerce in certain countries. However, the insurance legislation world wide has been continuously updated and modified to fulfil e-insurance m etrics (Ahonen, 2007). This study examines the perception and expectation of generation Y towards E-insurance. It discusses about the existing e-commerce applied in insurance industry and the expectation of generation Y on the improvement in E-insurance in the future. The new high technology and electronic era started, it links the generation Y and the insurance industry together. It is important to examine the relationship between generation Y and E-insurance. Generation Y act as knowledgeable customers, they are pursuing simple, convenient, fast and efficiency services at lower prices. Therefore, it is the need for insurance companies to introduce E-insurance that satisfied the customers need. 1.2 Statement of problem E-commerce had widespread all over the various business from education to real estate sector. It will continue to grow up unabatedly because information is now the lifeblood of successful business. The importance of e-commerce can be seen from the Ninth Malaysian Plan (2006-2010); Malaysian Government has allocated RM 12.9 billion for developing e-commerce. According to the survey conducted by Nielsen Company (2007), there are 70% of internet users in Malaysia purchased online at some point in past. So there are many potential opportunities in e-commerce nowadays. Internet and electronic communication enables companies exchange or transfer their information to the other part of the worlds without boundaries. E-commerce also provides a new distribution channel for businesses to deliver their products or services to customers more efficiency and fast. Meanwhile, companies can connect their customers worldwide in real time. It can establish long term relationship with their customers. Since there are many advantages in adopting e-commerce, yet, not all businesses can successfully fully applied e-commerce especially insurance industry. Insurance industry has been lagging behind in the adoption of e-commerce. There are some barriers on adoption of e-commerce in insurance industry. All the business sectors included financial services sectors have been revolved to new e-commerce era because of the domino effect of globalization and liberalization around the world since 1990s (Piercy, 1999). New entrants of e-retailers of financial services sectors lead to intense competition among financial services providers. There is a need to improve service quality of their service in order to survive in the global market place. Yet, consumers are less likely to purchase online than expected in despite of the huge investments in online banking (Sarel Marmorstein, 2003; Wang, 2003). Better understanding of factors that affect customers acceptance on using internet banking is prerequisite of obtaining success in conducting e-commerce. However, lack of research on perception of consumers toward e-insurance in Malaysia. Another important issue is consumers feel unreliable towards security and privacy of e-commerce website (Jà ¤rvinen, 2001). Insurance policy requires exchanges of huge amounts information between the parties. Electronic exchange data or information that needed in insurance policy is an ideal way because Internet enables transfer data over worldwide. Yet the only concern is the private confidential of the data when it is being transfer through internet or any other electronic method. Because of the anonymous nature in internet, insured unable to ensure the data is transferred to the right person. In electronic environment, there is no guarantee of the data or information that being transferred is sealed and did not review by others. In addition, electronic exchange data can cause security problems like customer database may be hacked by someone who has negative intention. Furthermore, electronic documents without physical signatures are easily being pirated. According to Forrester r esearch 2001, the main reason (59%) of young consumers not purchase online is concern about the use of credit cards online and the second reason (47%) is concern about the privacy of the data they sent out to website. Besides, about 75% of US consumers of the Boston Consulting Groups survey are concerned about the degree of security and privacy provided in electronic environment (Goldman, 2001). There is a need for insurance companies to solve this problem by review other banks in gaining consumers trust towards online services (Mattila, 2003). In Malaysia, government had encouraged the development of E-insurance since January 2005. Persatuan Insurans Am Malaysia (PIAM) released the news of motorists will be the main beneficiary of the JPJs e-Insurance Project with effect from 1st January 2005. On 5th October 2004, Minister of Transport was launched an IT-based service with the full support of the JPJ, general insurers and takaful operators. The e-Insurance enables insurance companies to enter their policyholders motor insurance details and transmit them electronically to JPJs computer database for processing. With full implementation of e-Insurance, it minimizes the problems like long queues at the JPJ counters, shortening waiting times at the JPJ counters, reducing the need for repetitive capture of data will also ensure accuracy and consistency of data in JPJs database and eliminating physical motor cover notes will help resolve the problems of forged cover notes as well as reduce document inventory (PIAM, 2005). E-insur ance has brought to us many benefits but it still uncommon in Malaysia. E-commerce has brought a lot of questions. Is insurance industry suitable to apply e-commerce? How E-insurance ensured security and privacy of insureds information and data? What are the expectations of generation Y towards future E-insurance? How generation Y perceived adoption of E-insurance? Is adoption e-commerce an advantage or disadvantage for insurance industry? This study wants to lift up the veil of E-insurance. 1.3 Research objective The general objective of my study is to investigate the perception of generation Y towards E-insurance. The other objectives are: 1.) To study awareness and expectation of generation Y towards E-insurance. From this study, we want to know the high education generation Y perceived E-insurance. E-insurance is important for insurance industry in step out the first step of pursuing low cost customer services. Generation Y are their priority target of E-insurances product because generation Y have much of knowledge in computer. Generation Y treated as the future talented human capital of a country. They are high education and expertise in using computer. Therefore, their expectations and future requirements about E-insurance are important success factors of insurance industry. 2.) To examine the adoption of e-insurance in Malaysia E-insurance has not fully implemented in Malaysia. It is crucial to examine the current situation of adoption on e-insurance in Malaysia. 3.) To investigate the factors that can influence the perception of generation Y towards E-insurance and the adoption of e-insurance To establish long term relationship with customers, it is critical to investigate all the possible factors that may affect the views of the potential customers towards E-insurance. A good service is able to satisfy all the customers need. 1.4 Significance of study Insurance is essential for everyone. It provides a sense of security and peace of mind to us. It also provides financial stability to individual and businesses if insured risk occurs such as flooding, fires, accident or ill health. Insurance is a major component of financial sector. Nowadays, the adoption of e-commerce in financial sector has become obvious. Yet, the insurance sectors are lagging behind. This is mainly due to the complicated transaction involved in insurance industry. This study is aim to investigate the perception and expectation on generation Y on electronic insurance services as well as their willingness to accept E-insurance. Insurance industry in Malaysia have not fully implement e-insurance yet. Most of the consumers feel uncertainty towards this new e-commerce and some even do not aware about this. We are able to know the degree of awareness of generation Y towards e-insurance from the research. Generation Y are potential customers for e-insurance, their awareness of e-insurance is important to the development on insurance industry. According to previous research, it also showed that younger and high educated males with high level of income have higher probability to use internet banking services (Devlin Yeung, 2003). E-insurance also can be categorised as one kind of internet banking services, so perception of younger internet users towards e-insurance is important. The effect of liberalization and globalization around the world influenced the business sectors in Malaysia significantly. Liberalization allowed business transactions can be conducted cross over the boundaries of countries freely. E-commerce should be developed in Malaysia in order to gain the global competitiveness. Compared to other developing countries, Malaysia is lagging behind. In order to compete with other countries, Malaysia government need to support organization in adapting the changes in term of technological. E-commerce provides a new distribution channel for products and services which able to help companies deliver their products and services to customers efficiently all around the world. Although e-commerce provides many competitive advantages for business sector, however, insurance industry in Malaysia still have not implement the electronic insurance completely. It is necessary for government to generate effective strategy for establishing e-insurance in Malaysia. The antecedent of effective strategy is to obtain a clear understanding of perception of customer towards e-insurance. This study benefits government in term of more understand the customers need towards e-insurance, so government and business sector can complement with each other for establishing e-insurance in Malaysia successfully. Service itself is considered as interactive process whereby customers involved in the production process. Insurance is one kind of this service. Since insurance is an interactive process, customers viewpoint on the new electronic insurance must be paid with full attention. This study focuses on generation Ys response on the development of new electronic insurance because most internet users are generation Y now. With the generation Ys future wishes for electronic insurance, a user friendly and suitable E-insurance concept can be developed. This study also benefits insurance companies in developing the electronic insurance service which can satisfy customers need. A well-developed e-insurance service can meet customers requirement and increase their satisfaction. The speed of adoption on e-insurance in Malaysia will be improved. Society also benefited from the study because adoption in e-insurance enables them to access the insurance services through internet whenever and wherever they are. The success of establish e-insurance in Malaysia will bring many advantages to customers. E-insurance provides longer operation time, convenience, less transaction cost needed, and less processing time to customers. E-service has changed the way of people organize their lives. It enables people to make comparisons among the products or services through internet. The study also examines the customers concern towards security and privacy of e-insurance. Hence, after completed the study, the security and privacy of e-insurance systems can be enhanced according to the concern of society. This study investigate the relationship between generation Y and E-insurance and their expectation and perception on E-insurance in order to better establish a new era electronic insurance and to maintain long term relationship with customers. 1.5 Organization of study In chapter 1, the research begins with brief introduction to the topic â€Å"perception and expectation of generation Y towards E-insurance†. In the introduction, it briefly explained the term of e-insurance and generation Y and the relationship between them. After we have some basic ideas about the topic, problem statements of the study developed. The issues of e-insurance were addressed in the study. Objectives of the study are stated down and followed by explaining significant of study. Chapter 2: Literature review 2.1 Services and Goods Goods can be defined as physical products that being produced and sold to the market (Winsor, Sheth Manolis, 2004). In addition, goods also considered as something physical and tangible in nature that customers can feel, smell, taste or hear it prior purchase or make consumption (Rathmell, 1966; Shostack, 1977; Zeithaml, 1985). On the other hands, services are totally opposite to the characteristics of goods. Services normally are classified under intangible characteristics which cannot be touched, smelled, tasted, hear by customer before purchase and make consumption. Furthermore, services also can be classified as a product, a process involves of many activities and can be produced and consumed at the same time, and to some extent customers may participate in the service production process (Grà ¶nroos, 2000). One of the researchers defines service as something can be bought and sold but which you cannot drop on your feet, this definition points out intangible characteristics of service (Gummesson, 1987). Besides that, service also defines as an act that offered by other party (Lovelock and Wright, 2002). There are four main attributes that help in distinguishing between goods and services namely, tangible or intangible (the degree of physical feature), separability or inseparability (the degree of linkage between the product or service and providers and customers), variability or invariability (the degree consistency of the products or services attributes) and perishability (the degree of capacity for being stocked) (Berry, 1980; Fisk, 1993; Gronroos, 1998; Kotler, 1994; Shostack, 1977; Zeithaml, 1985). From the four main attributes, it clearly states that the things that classified as services only when it fulfilled the four main characteristics of intangibility, inseparability, variability and perishability. For example, hair cut service, it does not provide any tangible product to its customer but only intangible service, throughout the hair cut service, it need participation of customer, the hair cut services are inconsistency in quality and it cannot be stocked. Furthermore, among the four attributes of differentiating the goods and services, the intangible characteristic is the best definitive for services (Bateson, 1977; Bebko, 2000; Berry, 1980; Levitt, 1981; McDougall Snetsinger, 1990). Various definitions that used to define services stated above are prefers to include the intangibility features into the statements. Hence, intangibility characteristic of service is the most representative attribute for services in order to distinguish goods and services. However, the tangibility feature is becoming less useful and less definitive for distinguishing between goods and services in digital environment (Rust Oliver, 1999). This is due to digitized goods are consists of both tangible and intangible characteristics. For examples, online purchase DVD is intangible in nature because customers cannot touch or feel the product before the actual tangible product received. The development of electronic environment has blurred the clear distinctio n between goods and services by using intangibility attributes. In order to fill up the inadequacy of tangibility criterion, another framework which used four types of utilities to differentiate goods and services has been developed (Winsor, Sheth Manolis, 2004). The four types of utilities are time, place, form and possession. All retailers will provide time and place utilities to customers, the only differences can be make between goods and services is in term of form and possession (Rathmell, 1966; Hsieh Chu, 1992). Physical goods will only contributing little form utility for customers compared to service whereas the permanent of transfer of possession utility only completed when customers are purchased physical products rather than services (Clemes, 2000). According to this framework, insurance is classified as hybrid retailing or a mixture of goods and services because it provides a moderate degree of form and possession utilities. 2.2 E-service The new era of e-service has begun since the development of internet being introduced in 1994 (Ahonen, 2004). There are three phases of internet according to the previous research (Kalakota Robinson, 2001). The beginning phase (1994-1997) is home pages and website of every company available. The following phase (1997-2000) is taking part into e-commerce in business. The last phase (2000-) which means the current situation is to satisfy online consumers and try to take advantages of internet. However, the development of e-service of our country is lagging behind when compared to other foreign country. Although many researchers have defined e-service before, but there is no an exceptional definition for e-service. E-service can be known as a service that conducts through electronic method such as internet (Rust Kannan, 2002). There is a difference between technology based service and e-service concept, the latter concept need to be carried out through online method whereas technology based services can be an ATM service. Both of the concepts are benefited from development of information technology (Jà ¤rvinen Lehtinen, 2003). In an electronic environment, the service concept is important because the nature of the services is abstract and where the relationships between partners and customers are virtual (Grà ¶nroos, 2000). Since electronic insurance services are perceived as complex and difficult to use, therefore clear and well defined service concept should be emphasized (Jà ¤rvinen 2001; Ahonen Salonen 2005). There are four chosen characteristics, namely, intangibility, process nature, inseparability and interaction that used to test some selected e-services in previous research (Jà ¤rvinen Lehtinen, 2004). All e-services are intangibility in nature and remain intangibility if the consumers only search for information of particular product or service through online. There are only few services consists purely intangible characteristic. For example, previous studies stated that even financial services also aided tangible by their documents like loan agreement (Jà ¤rvinen Lehtinen, 2004). The characteristics of process nature also universal for all studied e-services which means that the customers need to be follow the specific procedures in order to get the services. Inseparability and interaction characteristics are deviated among different e-services (Jà ¤rvinen Lehtinen, 2004). Some characteristics of services in electronic environment have to be considered in order to shift the s ervice concept to (Ahonen, 2004). For e-service, it seldom needs personal interaction when compared to telephone based services (Lovelock, 2002). However, the argument is human factor plays an important role in service recovery when technical problems happened (Jà ¤rvinen Lehtinen, 2004). In addition, E-services can bring considerable profit for companies if they able to manage the e-service effectively. However, not all the products and services are suitable for online trading because internet as a marketing channel only able to realistically fulfill two out of five senses of customers which are sight and sound. Therefore, only products and services that fully utilize the two senses are suitable to sell online for example, CD (Stern, 1995). According to other researcher, Peterson (1997) suggested that the suitability of the products and services to be sold online based on three dimensions: (1) cost outlay and frequency of purchase; (2) value proposition; (3) degree of differentiation Based on the study, products and services that have low cost, high frequency in purchase, intangible value proposition and high degree of differentiation are more suitable to market through internet (Phau Poon, 2000). Is insurance suitable to sell online? Regarding to the three dimensions above, insurance has fulfilled two dimensions which are intangible value proposition and high degree of differentiation because insurance is considered as a customization service. Hence, insurance is considered suitable for marketing through internet. For successfully implement e-service, it not only depends of the suitability of the products and services but also depends on the customers perception towards e-service. Based on previous studies, the overall satisfaction of customer towards e-service can be improved through various factors which included convenience, saving time and money, ease of use, financial security and web site designed to be fun (Szymanski Hise, 2000; Meuter, 2000). Customers satisfaction is important determinant of successful e-service (Parasuraman Grewal, 2000). In order to successfully implement e-insurance in Malaysia, those factors also included in this study to determine adoption of e-insurance. 2.3 Insurance Insurance is defined as the evenhanded transfer of the risk of a potential loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium and duty of care (Wikipedia, 2005). Insurer is the company that sells the insurance, and the insured is the party who buy the insurance. Insurance rate is the amount charged for a certain value of insurance. Insurance sold to consumers directly is known as direct insurance (Skipper, 1998). Meanwhile, direct insurance also can be defined as a service with particular terms and conditions agreed in an insurance policy. On the other hands, one of the researchers stated that part of the insurance service is to maintain a long term relationship between customers and insurance company rather than only holding legal responsibility with customers (Jà ¤rvinen, 1996). Intangibility, inseparability, perishability, heterogeneity and lack of ownership are characteristics of services (Cowell 1988; Zeithaml Bitner 1996). However, all these characteristics do not followed by insurance service. The tangibility of insurance services achieves through a physical paper of an insurance policy including a promise to pay compensation if a certain unforeseen event takes place. The insurance policy symbolizes the only evidence of that promise until losses occur (Majaro, 1982; 1985). In fact, no policyholder would prefer to have any losses, and thus we can conclude that consumers only purchase merely security or protection for their safety instead of compensation of losses. So, as a result it is in force to cause consumers consume insurance whole period that is a continuous consumption, but production is cross-sectional and dependent of the interaction of the consumer and the insurance company. Therefore, insurance service only partially fulfilled the characteris tic of inseparability. One of the unique natures of each service is heterogeneity on its part. There are various alternatives of insurance for consumers to choose which insurance policy is suitable for them but the terms and cover of most of the insurance is standardized (Jà ¤rvinen, 1998). In case of e-insurance, the heterogeneity part of the personal service forms the only unique part of insurance is eliminated. The back-office resources in insurance that used to balance the capacity can avoid perishability. As a result, large part of activities in E-insurance can be carried out without consumers existence and participation. Lastly, as regards to ownership, insurance holders actually own the partial ownership of the service because they reserve the right for claims settlements that will be paid from the reserves in the balance sheet of an insurance company by paying premium (Jà ¤rvinen, 2000). This means that insured consumers own their part of reserves, and that principle is based in Insurance Act. Co nsequently, we can conclude that the insurance service is quite specific from other services because it only fulfilled partially of the common service characteristics. One of the financial services is insurance, it seems to have different user frequency when compared to other bank services (Jà ¤rvinen, 2003). Specifically, consumers may have bank transactions weekly, but in case of insurance issues, such as risk analysis and insurance cover or claims applications, occur quite infrequently and with low frequency (Ahjos, 1999). Hence, there may be only one occurrence within few years, and that is premium payment. Thus, insurance deviates from bank services and in the case of Internet which means that consumers may never get used to e-insurance, because their actions are needed too rarely. Low frequency and infrequency may also be reasons that obstruct the consumers engagement, which may become the crucial point in developing e-insurance. Generally, insurance services is quite different from others banking services. Insurance companies have to take care of every step in implementing e-insurance successfully. This study is tries to unveil the mystery of insurance services in Malaysia. 2.4 Insurance in Malaysia The beginning of insurance launched in Malaysia can be traced to 18th and 19th centuries which transformed from the agency houses that acted as representative of insurance companies in United Kingdom. Hence, the insurance industry has been strongly influenced by the British insurance system and continued until today. At that time, almost all the insurance companies were established by foreign insurer. Domestic insurance companies were only being introduced in Malaysia after Independence Day. However, domestic insurance companies have faced failure and wound up due to inadequate technical and sound operation in the early 1960. To solve this problem, Malaysian government enacted insurance Act 1963 to regulate insurance industry which functioning under Ministry of Finance. The Insurance Act 1996 has replaced the Insurance Act 1963 on 1st January 1997 in order to supervise and regulate insurance industry more effectively (Ahmad Sungip, 2008). Basically, there are three types of insurance industry in Malaysia which included life insurance industry, general insurance industry and Takaful insurance industry (Aini Tee, 2003). Life insurance is insurance policy that covers variety of contingencies event occurred on human life whereas general insurance is all types of insurance policy except for life insurance. On the other hands, Takaful is insurance which based on Islamic principles (EconomicWatch, 2009). There are five main statutory insurance associations in Malaysia namely, Persatuan Insuran Am Malaysia (PIAM), Life Insurance Association of Malaysia (LIAM), Persatuan Insuran Kebangsaan Malaysia (NIAM), Insurance Brokers Association of Malaysia (IBAM) and Association of Malaysian Loss Adjuster (AMLA) (PIAM, 2009). Each statutory insurance association has different function. PIAM is an association of general (non-life) insurers, LIAM is an association of life insurers, NIAM is represents locally incorporated insurer with m ore than 51% Malaysian equity, IBAM is an association of insurance brokers, AMLA is an association of insurance brokers. Insurance companies in Malaysia were only started to conduct e-commerce in 1999 which was much slower when compared to other developed countries. During that period, Bank Negara Malaysia has allowed some of the insurance companies to establish Malaysia first interactive insurance website which enabled insured can make online payment and renewal of motor vehicles insurance policy. Till April 2000, Bank Negara Malaysia allowed a full range of life, general an

Essay --

Long Distance Running You are standing at the starting lining, your hearts pounding. Your palms begin to get sweaty and butterflies start to take flight in your stomach. You can hear people cheering in the background. You look right, and then you look left and see runners who have dedicated the same amount of time and energy as you or more. Suddenly everything goes quite. POW, the gun fires and everyone takes off like a bunch of wild horses. Your race has begun and you are now running to achieve your goal. Long-distance running is a challenging sport that goes beyond exercise and pushes the individual past what most runners’ experience. The very first ever marathon took place 490 B.C., when a Greek soldier known as Pheidippide ran from the battlefield in the town of marathon, Greece to Athens. When Pheidippide arrive to Athens, he shouted â€Å"Nikki!† (Victory) then collapsed and died. Later on when the modern Olympic games were founded in 1896, the legend of the first marathon ran by Pheidippide was brought back to life by a 24.8 run from marathon bridge to the Olympic stadium in Athens. Twenty-five runners gather at the bridge and were ready to run the first modern marathon, out of these twenty-five runners there was only one American runner (Arthur Blake). Arthur was a middle distance runner. Three days before the marathon Arthur ran the 1500-meter race, and took second place. Due to this, Arthur was very exhausted but still decided to run, due to his decision Arthur could not finish the marathon and dropped out 14.5 miles into the race. On the boat ride back to the United States, planning for the first A merican marathon took place. The first annual Boston Athletic association marathon was organized on April 18, 1897. This date was... ...low. Someone who had seen the accident ran to help and saw Prefontain lying face up, at that point he was still alove but was unable to get out from under the car. The witness ran for help but by the time they had rounded up more people to help, Prefontain was dead after the car had crushed him to death. the story of Prefontaine’s life and death is a sad one, as his life was claimed at the age of just 24 young years, and he never he the opportunity to reattempt the Olympics. (6) Long-distance running is a challenging sport that goes beyond exercise and pushes the individual past what most runners’ experience. Many people dislike running but the few that are interested in it just don’t like they love it. "As every runner knows, running is about more than just putting one foot in front of the other; it is about our lifestyle and who we are." (- Joan Benoit Samuelson)